كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ

This concise verse establishes the fundamental principle of individual accountability in Islam. Each person is held responsible (rahina - pledged/retained) for their own actions and will face the consequences of their deeds. The word "kasabat" (earned/acquired) indicates that people are accountable for what they deliberately choose to do, not for things beyond their control. This verse emphasizes that no one can bear the burden of another's sins, nor can anyone's good deeds save another person. It promotes personal responsibility and discourages the idea that salvation can be inherited or transferred. This teaching motivates individuals to take charge of their own spiritual development and moral choices, knowing they will face the results of their decisions.