لَّا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

This verse establishes important principles for Muslim relations with non-Muslims who are peaceful. It clarifies that Islam does not prohibit kindness, justice, and good treatment toward those who do not fight Muslims or expel them from their homes because of their religion. The verse uses two key terms: "birr" (righteousness/kindness) and "qist" (justice), indicating that Muslims should show both compassion and fairness to peaceful non-Muslims. This teaching promotes coexistence, tolerance, and mutual respect while maintaining clear boundaries regarding those who are hostile. The verse concludes by stating that Allah loves those who act justly, emphasizing that justice is a divine attribute that believers should embody in all their relationships.